536 lines
20 KiB
C
536 lines
20 KiB
C
/****************************************************************************
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Title: HD44780U LCD library
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Author: Peter Fleury <pfleury@gmx.ch> http://tinyurl.com/peterfleury
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License: GNU General Public License Version 3
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File: $Id: lcd.c,v 1.15.2.2 2015/01/17 12:16:05 peter Exp $
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Software: AVR-GCC 3.3
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Target: any AVR device, memory mapped mode only for AT90S4414/8515/Mega
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DESCRIPTION
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Basic routines for interfacing a HD44780U-based text lcd display
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Originally based on Volker Oth's lcd library,
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changed lcd_init(), added additional constants for lcd_command(),
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added 4-bit I/O mode, improved and optimized code.
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Library can be operated in memory mapped mode (LCD_IO_MODE=0) or in
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4-bit IO port mode (LCD_IO_MODE=1). 8-bit IO port mode not supported.
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Memory mapped mode compatible with Kanda STK200, but supports also
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generation of R/W signal through A8 address line.
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USAGE
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See the C include lcd.h file for a description of each function
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*****************************************************************************/
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#include <inttypes.h>
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#include <avr/io.h>
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#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
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#include <util/delay.h>
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#include "hd44780.h"
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/*
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** constants/macros
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*/
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#define DDR(x) (*(&x - 1)) /* address of data direction register of port x */
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#if defined(__AVR_ATmega64__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega128__)
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/* on ATmega64/128 PINF is on port 0x00 and not 0x60 */
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# define PIN(x) (&PORTF == &(x) ? _SFR_IO8(0x00) : (*(&x - 2)))
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#else
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# define PIN(x) (*(&x - 2)) /* address of input register of port x */
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#endif
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#if LCD_IO_MODE
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# define lcd_e_delay() _delay_us(LCD_DELAY_ENABLE_PULSE)
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# define lcd_e_high() LCD_E_PORT |= _BV(LCD_E_PIN);
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# define lcd_e_low() LCD_E_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_E_PIN);
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# define lcd_e_toggle() toggle_e()
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# define lcd_rw_high() LCD_RW_PORT |= _BV(LCD_RW_PIN)
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# define lcd_rw_low() LCD_RW_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_RW_PIN)
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# define lcd_rs_high() LCD_RS_PORT |= _BV(LCD_RS_PIN)
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# define lcd_rs_low() LCD_RS_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_RS_PIN)
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#endif
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#if LCD_IO_MODE
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# if LCD_LINES == 1
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# define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_1LINE
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# else
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# define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_2LINES
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# endif
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#else
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# if LCD_LINES == 1
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# define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE
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# else
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# define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_2LINES
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# endif
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#endif
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#if LCD_CONTROLLER_KS0073
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# if LCD_LINES == 4
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# define KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_ON 0x2C /* |0|010|1100 4-bit mode, extension-bit RE = 1 */
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# define KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_OFF 0x28 /* |0|010|1000 4-bit mode, extension-bit RE = 0 */
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# define KS0073_4LINES_MODE 0x09 /* |0|000|1001 4 lines mode */
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# endif
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#endif
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/*
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** function prototypes
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*/
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#if LCD_IO_MODE
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static void toggle_e(void);
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#endif
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/*
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** local functions
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*/
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/*************************************************************************
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delay for a minimum of <us> microseconds
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the number of loops is calculated at compile-time from MCU clock frequency
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*************************************************************************/
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#define delay(us) _delay_us(us)
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#if LCD_IO_MODE
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/* toggle Enable Pin to initiate write */
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static void toggle_e(void) {
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lcd_e_high();
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lcd_e_delay();
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lcd_e_low();
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}
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#endif
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/*************************************************************************
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Low-level function to write byte to LCD controller
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Input: data byte to write to LCD
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rs 1: write data
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0: write instruction
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Returns: none
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*************************************************************************/
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#if LCD_IO_MODE
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static void lcd_write(uint8_t data, uint8_t rs) {
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unsigned char dataBits;
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if (rs) { /* write data (RS=1, RW=0) */
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lcd_rs_high();
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} else { /* write instruction (RS=0, RW=0) */
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lcd_rs_low();
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}
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lcd_rw_low(); /* RW=0 write mode */
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if ((&LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA1_PORT == &LCD_DATA2_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT) && (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) && (LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3)) {
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/* configure data pins as output */
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DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= 0x0F;
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/* output high nibble first */
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dataBits = LCD_DATA0_PORT & 0xF0;
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LCD_DATA0_PORT = dataBits | ((data >> 4) & 0x0F);
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lcd_e_toggle();
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/* output low nibble */
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LCD_DATA0_PORT = dataBits | (data & 0x0F);
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lcd_e_toggle();
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/* all data pins high (inactive) */
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LCD_DATA0_PORT = dataBits | 0x0F;
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} else {
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/* configure data pins as output */
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DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
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DDR(LCD_DATA1_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
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DDR(LCD_DATA2_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
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DDR(LCD_DATA3_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
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/* output high nibble first */
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LCD_DATA3_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
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LCD_DATA2_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
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LCD_DATA1_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
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LCD_DATA0_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
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if (data & 0x80) LCD_DATA3_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
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if (data & 0x40) LCD_DATA2_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
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if (data & 0x20) LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
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if (data & 0x10) LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
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lcd_e_toggle();
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/* output low nibble */
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LCD_DATA3_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
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LCD_DATA2_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
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LCD_DATA1_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
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LCD_DATA0_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
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if (data & 0x08) LCD_DATA3_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
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if (data & 0x04) LCD_DATA2_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
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if (data & 0x02) LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
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if (data & 0x01) LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
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lcd_e_toggle();
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/* all data pins high (inactive) */
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LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
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LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
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LCD_DATA2_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
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LCD_DATA3_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
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}
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}
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#else
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# define lcd_write(d, rs) \
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if (rs) \
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*(volatile uint8_t *)(LCD_IO_DATA) = d; \
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else \
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*(volatile uint8_t *)(LCD_IO_FUNCTION) = d;
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/* rs==0 -> write instruction to LCD_IO_FUNCTION */
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/* rs==1 -> write data to LCD_IO_DATA */
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#endif
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/*************************************************************************
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Low-level function to read byte from LCD controller
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Input: rs 1: read data
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0: read busy flag / address counter
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Returns: byte read from LCD controller
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*************************************************************************/
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#if LCD_IO_MODE
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static uint8_t lcd_read(uint8_t rs) {
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uint8_t data;
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if (rs)
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lcd_rs_high(); /* RS=1: read data */
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else
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lcd_rs_low(); /* RS=0: read busy flag */
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lcd_rw_high(); /* RW=1 read mode */
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if ((&LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA1_PORT == &LCD_DATA2_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT) && (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) && (LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3)) {
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DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) &= 0xF0; /* configure data pins as input */
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lcd_e_high();
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lcd_e_delay();
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data = PIN(LCD_DATA0_PORT) << 4; /* read high nibble first */
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lcd_e_low();
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lcd_e_delay(); /* Enable 500ns low */
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lcd_e_high();
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lcd_e_delay();
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data |= PIN(LCD_DATA0_PORT) & 0x0F; /* read low nibble */
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lcd_e_low();
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} else {
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/* configure data pins as input */
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DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
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DDR(LCD_DATA1_PORT) &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
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DDR(LCD_DATA2_PORT) &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
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DDR(LCD_DATA3_PORT) &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
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/* read high nibble first */
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lcd_e_high();
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lcd_e_delay();
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data = 0;
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if (PIN(LCD_DATA0_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN)) data |= 0x10;
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if (PIN(LCD_DATA1_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN)) data |= 0x20;
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if (PIN(LCD_DATA2_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN)) data |= 0x40;
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if (PIN(LCD_DATA3_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN)) data |= 0x80;
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lcd_e_low();
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lcd_e_delay(); /* Enable 500ns low */
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/* read low nibble */
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lcd_e_high();
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lcd_e_delay();
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if (PIN(LCD_DATA0_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN)) data |= 0x01;
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if (PIN(LCD_DATA1_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN)) data |= 0x02;
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if (PIN(LCD_DATA2_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN)) data |= 0x04;
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if (PIN(LCD_DATA3_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN)) data |= 0x08;
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lcd_e_low();
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}
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return data;
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}
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#else
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# define lcd_read(rs) (rs) ? *(volatile uint8_t *)(LCD_IO_DATA + LCD_IO_READ) : *(volatile uint8_t *)(LCD_IO_FUNCTION + LCD_IO_READ)
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/* rs==0 -> read instruction from LCD_IO_FUNCTION */
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/* rs==1 -> read data from LCD_IO_DATA */
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#endif
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/*************************************************************************
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loops while lcd is busy, returns address counter
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*************************************************************************/
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static uint8_t lcd_waitbusy(void)
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{
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register uint8_t c;
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/* wait until busy flag is cleared */
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while ((c = lcd_read(0)) & (1 << LCD_BUSY)) {
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}
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/* the address counter is updated 4us after the busy flag is cleared */
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delay(LCD_DELAY_BUSY_FLAG);
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/* now read the address counter */
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return (lcd_read(0)); // return address counter
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} /* lcd_waitbusy */
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/*************************************************************************
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Move cursor to the start of next line or to the first line if the cursor
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is already on the last line.
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*************************************************************************/
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static inline void lcd_newline(uint8_t pos) {
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register uint8_t addressCounter;
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#if LCD_LINES == 1
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addressCounter = 0;
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#endif
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#if LCD_LINES == 2
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if (pos < (LCD_START_LINE2))
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addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
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else
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addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
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#endif
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#if LCD_LINES == 4
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# if KS0073_4LINES_MODE
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if (pos < LCD_START_LINE2)
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addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
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else if ((pos >= LCD_START_LINE2) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE3))
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addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE3;
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else if ((pos >= LCD_START_LINE3) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE4))
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addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE4;
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else
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addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
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# else
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if (pos < LCD_START_LINE3)
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addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
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else if ((pos >= LCD_START_LINE2) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE4))
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addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE3;
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else if ((pos >= LCD_START_LINE3) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE2))
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addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE4;
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else
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addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
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# endif
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#endif
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lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + addressCounter);
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} /* lcd_newline */
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/*
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** PUBLIC FUNCTIONS
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*/
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/*************************************************************************
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Send LCD controller instruction command
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Input: instruction to send to LCD controller, see HD44780 data sheet
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Returns: none
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*************************************************************************/
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void lcd_command(uint8_t cmd) {
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lcd_waitbusy();
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lcd_write(cmd, 0);
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}
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/*************************************************************************
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Send data byte to LCD controller
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Input: data to send to LCD controller, see HD44780 data sheet
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Returns: none
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*************************************************************************/
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void lcd_data(uint8_t data) {
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lcd_waitbusy();
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lcd_write(data, 1);
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}
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/*************************************************************************
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Set cursor to specified position
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Input: x horizontal position (0: left most position)
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y vertical position (0: first line)
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Returns: none
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*************************************************************************/
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void lcd_gotoxy(uint8_t x, uint8_t y) {
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#if LCD_LINES == 1
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lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1 + x);
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#endif
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#if LCD_LINES == 2
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if (y == 0)
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lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1 + x);
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else
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lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE2 + x);
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#endif
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#if LCD_LINES == 4
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if (y == 0)
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lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1 + x);
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else if (y == 1)
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lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE2 + x);
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else if (y == 2)
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lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE3 + x);
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else /* y==3 */
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lcd_command((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE4 + x);
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#endif
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} /* lcd_gotoxy */
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/*************************************************************************
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*************************************************************************/
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int lcd_getxy(void) { return lcd_waitbusy(); }
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/*************************************************************************
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Clear display and set cursor to home position
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*************************************************************************/
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void lcd_clrscr(void) { lcd_command(1 << LCD_CLR); }
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/*************************************************************************
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Set cursor to home position
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*************************************************************************/
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void lcd_home(void) { lcd_command(1 << LCD_HOME); }
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/*************************************************************************
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Display character at current cursor position
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Input: character to be displayed
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Returns: none
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*************************************************************************/
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void lcd_putc(char c) {
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uint8_t pos;
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pos = lcd_waitbusy(); // read busy-flag and address counter
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if (c == '\n') {
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lcd_newline(pos);
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} else {
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#if LCD_WRAP_LINES == 1
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# if LCD_LINES == 1
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if (pos == LCD_START_LINE1 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH) {
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lcd_write((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1, 0);
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}
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# elif LCD_LINES == 2
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if (pos == LCD_START_LINE1 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH) {
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lcd_write((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE2, 0);
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} else if (pos == LCD_START_LINE2 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH) {
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lcd_write((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1, 0);
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}
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# elif LCD_LINES == 4
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if (pos == LCD_START_LINE1 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH) {
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lcd_write((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE2, 0);
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} else if (pos == LCD_START_LINE2 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH) {
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lcd_write((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE3, 0);
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} else if (pos == LCD_START_LINE3 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH) {
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lcd_write((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE4, 0);
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} else if (pos == LCD_START_LINE4 + LCD_DISP_LENGTH) {
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lcd_write((1 << LCD_DDRAM) + LCD_START_LINE1, 0);
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}
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# endif
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lcd_waitbusy();
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#endif
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lcd_write(c, 1);
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}
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} /* lcd_putc */
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/*************************************************************************
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Display string without auto linefeed
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Input: string to be displayed
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Returns: none
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*************************************************************************/
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void lcd_puts(const char *s)
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/* print string on lcd (no auto linefeed) */
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{
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register char c;
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while ((c = *s++)) {
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lcd_putc(c);
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}
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} /* lcd_puts */
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/*************************************************************************
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Display string from program memory without auto linefeed
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Input: string from program memory be be displayed
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Returns: none
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*************************************************************************/
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void lcd_puts_p(const char *progmem_s)
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/* print string from program memory on lcd (no auto linefeed) */
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{
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register char c;
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while ((c = pgm_read_byte(progmem_s++))) {
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lcd_putc(c);
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}
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} /* lcd_puts_p */
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/*************************************************************************
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Initialize display and select type of cursor
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Input: dispAttr LCD_DISP_OFF display off
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LCD_DISP_ON display on, cursor off
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LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR display on, cursor on
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LCD_DISP_CURSOR_BLINK display on, cursor on flashing
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Returns: none
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*************************************************************************/
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void lcd_init(uint8_t dispAttr) {
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#if LCD_IO_MODE
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/*
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* Initialize LCD to 4 bit I/O mode
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*/
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if ((&LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA1_PORT == &LCD_DATA2_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT) && (&LCD_RS_PORT == &LCD_DATA0_PORT) && (&LCD_RW_PORT == &LCD_DATA0_PORT) && (&LCD_E_PORT == &LCD_DATA0_PORT) && (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) && (LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3) && (LCD_RS_PIN == 4) && (LCD_RW_PIN == 5) && (LCD_E_PIN == 6)) {
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/* configure all port bits as output (all LCD lines on same port) */
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DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= 0x7F;
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} else if ((&LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA1_PORT == &LCD_DATA2_PORT) && (&LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT) && (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) && (LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3)) {
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/* configure all port bits as output (all LCD data lines on same port, but control lines on different ports) */
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DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= 0x0F;
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DDR(LCD_RS_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_RS_PIN);
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DDR(LCD_RW_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_RW_PIN);
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DDR(LCD_E_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_E_PIN);
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} else {
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/* configure all port bits as output (LCD data and control lines on different ports */
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DDR(LCD_RS_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_RS_PIN);
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DDR(LCD_RW_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_RW_PIN);
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DDR(LCD_E_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_E_PIN);
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DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
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DDR(LCD_DATA1_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
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DDR(LCD_DATA2_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
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DDR(LCD_DATA3_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
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}
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delay(LCD_DELAY_BOOTUP); /* wait 16ms or more after power-on */
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/* initial write to lcd is 8bit */
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LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN); // LCD_FUNCTION>>4;
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LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN); // LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT>>4;
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lcd_e_toggle();
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delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT); /* delay, busy flag can't be checked here */
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/* repeat last command */
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lcd_e_toggle();
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delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP); /* delay, busy flag can't be checked here */
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/* repeat last command a third time */
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lcd_e_toggle();
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delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP); /* delay, busy flag can't be checked here */
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|
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/* now configure for 4bit mode */
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LCD_DATA0_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN); // LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_1LINE>>4
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lcd_e_toggle();
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delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT_4BIT); /* some displays need this additional delay */
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/* from now the LCD only accepts 4 bit I/O, we can use lcd_command() */
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#else
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/*
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* Initialize LCD to 8 bit memory mapped mode
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*/
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/* enable external SRAM (memory mapped lcd) and one wait state */
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MCUCR = _BV(SRE) | _BV(SRW);
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/* reset LCD */
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delay(LCD_DELAY_BOOTUP); /* wait 16ms after power-on */
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lcd_write(LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE, 0); /* function set: 8bit interface */
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delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT); /* wait 5ms */
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lcd_write(LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE, 0); /* function set: 8bit interface */
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delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP); /* wait 64us */
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lcd_write(LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE, 0); /* function set: 8bit interface */
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delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP); /* wait 64us */
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#endif
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|
|
#if KS0073_4LINES_MODE
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|
/* Display with KS0073 controller requires special commands for enabling 4 line mode */
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|
lcd_command(KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_ON);
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|
lcd_command(KS0073_4LINES_MODE);
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lcd_command(KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_OFF);
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#else
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lcd_command(LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT); /* function set: display lines */
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#endif
|
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lcd_command(LCD_DISP_OFF); /* display off */
|
|
lcd_clrscr(); /* display clear */
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|
lcd_command(LCD_MODE_DEFAULT); /* set entry mode */
|
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lcd_command(dispAttr); /* display/cursor control */
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|
|
|
} /* lcd_init */
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