OpenTTD/src/strings_internal.h

/*
 * This file is part of OpenTTD.
 * OpenTTD is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
 * OpenTTD is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 * See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with OpenTTD. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

/** @file strings_interal.h Types and functions related to the internal workings of formatting OpenTTD's strings. */

#ifndef STRINGS_INTERNAL_H
#define STRINGS_INTERNAL_H

#include "strings_func.h"
#include "string_func.h"

class StringParameters {
protected:
	StringParameters *parent; ///< If not nullptr, this instance references data from this parent instance.
	uint64 *data;             ///< Array with the actual data.
	WChar *type;              ///< Array with type information about the data. Can be nullptr when no type information is needed. See #StringControlCode.

	WChar next_type = 0; ///< The type of the next data that is retrieved.

public:
	size_t offset = 0; ///< Current offset in the data/type arrays.
	size_t num_param; ///< Length of the data array.

	/** Create a new StringParameters instance. */
	StringParameters(uint64 *data, size_t num_param, WChar *type) :
		parent(nullptr),
		data(data),
		type(type),
		num_param(num_param)
	{ }

	/**
	 * Create a new StringParameters instance that can reference part of the data of
	 * the given partent instance.
	 */
	StringParameters(StringParameters &parent, size_t size) :
		parent(&parent),
		data(parent.data + parent.offset),
		num_param(size)
	{
		assert(size <= parent.GetDataLeft());
		if (parent.type == nullptr) {
			this->type = nullptr;
		} else {
			this->type = parent.type + parent.offset;
		}
	}

	~StringParameters()
	{
		if (this->parent != nullptr) {
			this->parent->offset += this->num_param;
		}
	}

	void PrepareForNextRun();
	void SetTypeOfNextParameter(WChar type) { this->next_type = type; }

	int64 GetInt64();

	/** Read an int32 from the argument array. @see GetInt64. */
	int32 GetInt32()
	{
		return (int32)this->GetInt64();
	}

	/**
	 * Get a new instance of StringParameters that is a "range" into the
	 * remaining existing parameters. Upon destruction the offset in the parent
	 * is not updated. However, calls to SetDParam do update the parameters.
	 *
	 * The returned StringParameters must not outlive this StringParameters.
	 * @return A "range" of the string parameters.
	 */
	StringParameters GetRemainingParameters() { return GetRemainingParameters(this->offset); }

	/**
	 * Get a new instance of StringParameters that is a "range" into the
	 * remaining existing parameters from the given offset. Upon destruction the
	 * offset in the parent is not updated. However, calls to SetDParam do
	 * update the parameters.
	 *
	 * The returned StringParameters must not outlive this StringParameters.
	 * @param offset The offset to get the remaining parameters for.
	 * @return A "range" of the string parameters.
	 */
	StringParameters GetRemainingParameters(size_t offset)
	{
		return StringParameters(&this->data[offset], GetDataLeft(),
			this->type == nullptr ? nullptr : &this->type[offset]);
	}

	/** Return the amount of elements which can still be read. */
	size_t GetDataLeft() const
	{
		return this->num_param - this->offset;
	}

	/** Get a pointer to a specific element in the data array. */
	uint64 *GetPointerToOffset(size_t offset) const
	{
		assert(offset < this->num_param);
		return &this->data[offset];
	}

	/** Does this instance store information about the type of the parameters. */
	bool HasTypeInformation() const
	{
		return this->type != nullptr;
	}

	/** Get the type of a specific element. */
	WChar GetTypeAtOffset(size_t offset) const
	{
		assert(offset < this->num_param);
		assert(this->HasTypeInformation());
		return this->type[offset];
	}

	void SetParam(size_t n, uint64 v)
	{
		assert(n < this->num_param);
		this->data[n] = v;
	}

	void SetParam(size_t n, const char *str) { this->SetParam(n, (uint64_t)(size_t)str); }
	void SetParam(size_t n, const std::string &str) { this->SetParam(n, str.c_str()); }
	void SetParam(size_t n, std::string &&str) = delete; // block passing temporaries to SetDParam

	uint64 GetParam(size_t n) const
	{
		assert(n < this->num_param);
		return this->data[n];
	}
};

/**
 * Extension of StringParameters with its own statically allocated buffer for
 * the parameters.
 */
class AllocatedStringParameters : public StringParameters {
	std::vector<uint64_t> params; ///< The actual parameters

public:
	AllocatedStringParameters(size_t parameters = 0) : StringParameters(nullptr, parameters, nullptr), params(parameters)
	{
		this->data = params.data();
	}
};

/**
 * Helper to create the StringParameters with its own buffer with the given
 * parameter values.
 * @param args The parameters to set for the to be created StringParameters.
 * @return The constructed StringParameters.
 */
template <typename... Args>
static auto MakeParameters(const Args&... args)
{
	AllocatedStringParameters parameters(sizeof...(args));
	size_t index = 0;
	(parameters.SetParam(index++, std::forward<const Args&>(args)), ...);
	return parameters;
}

/**
 * Equivalent to the std::back_insert_iterator in function, with some
 * convenience helpers for string concatenation.
 */
class StringBuilder {
	std::string *string;

public:
	/* Required type for this to be an output_iterator; mimics std::back_insert_iterator. */
	using value_type = void;
	using difference_type = void;
	using iterator_category = std::output_iterator_tag;
	using pointer = void;
	using reference = void;

	/**
	 * Create the builder of an external buffer.
	 * @param start The start location to write to.
	 * @param last  The last location to write to.
	 */
	StringBuilder(std::string &string) : string(&string) {}

	/* Required operators for this to be an output_iterator; mimics std::back_insert_iterator, which has no-ops. */
	StringBuilder &operator++() { return *this; }
	StringBuilder operator++(int) { return *this; }
	StringBuilder &operator*() { return *this; }

	/**
	 * Operator to add a character to the end of the buffer. Like the back
	 * insert iterators this also increases the position of the end of the
	 * buffer.
	 * @param value The character to add.
	 * @return Reference to this inserter.
	 */
	StringBuilder &operator=(const char value)
	{
		return this->operator+=(value);
	}

	/**
	 * Operator to add a character to the end of the buffer.
	 * @param value The character to add.
	 * @return Reference to this inserter.
	 */
	StringBuilder &operator+=(const char value)
	{
		this->string->push_back(value);
		return *this;
	}

	/**
	 * Operator to append the given string to the output buffer.
	 * @param str The string to add.
	 * @return Reference to this inserter.
	 */
	StringBuilder &operator+=(std::string_view str)
	{
		*this->string += str;
		return *this;
	}

	/**
	 * Encode the given Utf8 character into the output buffer.
	 * @param c The character to encode.
	 */
	void Utf8Encode(WChar c)
	{
		auto iterator = std::back_inserter(*this->string);
		::Utf8Encode(iterator, c);
	}

	/**
	 * Remove the given amount of characters from the back of the string.
	 * @param amount The amount of characters to remove.
	 * @return true iff there was enough space and the character got added.
	 */
	void RemoveElementsFromBack(size_t amount)
	{
		this->string->erase(this->string->size() - std::min(amount, this->string->size()));
	}

	/**
	 * Get the current index in the string.
	 * @return The index.
	 */
	size_t CurrentIndex()
	{
		return this->string->size();
	}

	/**
	 * Get the reference to the character at the given index.
	 * @return The reference to the character.
	 */
	char &operator[](size_t index)
	{
		return (*this->string)[index];
	}
};

void GetStringWithArgs(StringBuilder &builder, StringID string, StringParameters &args, uint case_index = 0, bool game_script = false);
std::string GetStringWithArgs(StringID string, StringParameters &args);

/* Do not leak the StringBuilder to everywhere. */
void GenerateTownNameString(StringBuilder &builder, size_t lang, uint32_t seed);
void GetTownName(StringBuilder &builder, const struct Town *t);
void GRFTownNameGenerate(StringBuilder &builder, uint32 grfid, uint16 gen, uint32 seed);

uint RemapNewGRFStringControlCode(uint scc, const char **str, StringParameters &parameters, bool modify_parameters);

#endif /* STRINGS_INTERNAL_H */